Average Joe brake upgrade tech
Garage quality brake science.
Governing factors for brake upgrades
- Type of use (obviously)
- Wheel size.
Generally, what will govern the size of your brake kit is…
Wheel diameter – limit rotor diameter
Wheels offset – limit caliper type
Front Rotors
Always go for the biggest possible rotors.
Thickness – Ability to absorb heat.
Diameter – Typically, a taller rotor will allow you to exert more braking force. (Take a breaker bar tightening a bolt. The same force applied to the longest breaker was will yield the largest torque).
Rotor quality (premium rotors) – Typically, a higher quality rotor will last longer, differences in steel, metallurgy, and built process. Less prone to uneven wear, warping, etc. I would simply ensure that the rotors come from a reputable source / manufacturer. (brembo, powerslot, etc)
Brake pads – Pick the pad that suits your use, and be honest.
Front Calipers
Brake pad size (brake pad area) – Brake pad size can typically allow for more braking with less effort before lockup occurs (kinetic friction).
Piston size – The piston size does not really dictate stopping power. However, more piston area typically means you can utilize a bigger brake pad.
Number of pistons – More pistons does a lot of things. The direct benefit, usually means bigger brake pad.
Floating caliper – Less feel, and less control than a non-floating caliper, benefit is low cost.
Fixed caliper – Such as brembo, wildwood, etc. Allows more use of 4 piston calipers +. Better for brake feel, modulation, and control. Design and construction most often allow for larger area brake pads. Penalty is higher cost.
Rear brakes
This is purely an opinion. Unless you drastically upgrade the front brakes, or take your car to the track, I believe you do not typically need to upgrade the rear brakes.
However, if you insist…
Rotors – Typically, a taller rotor will allow you to exert more braking force. (Take a breaker bar tightening a bolt. The same force applied to the longest breaker was will yield the largest torque). I would most likely find a kit that has the largest diameter disc. In retrospect, a taller disc will most likely yield the highest braking force. Thus, you want to maximize rear brake power, to ensure that it is not a weak point.
Proportioning valve – If you max out your rear brakes, your rear brakes will lockup before the front. Which you do not want. So set a proportioning valve on the master cylinder controlling the rear brakes. The desired end result is, front lockup, rear just barely locking up.
Caliper – At your discretion.
Master cylinder size
Size of the master cylinder typically governs over booster size. Since you usually buy the two as a pair, you shouldn’t bother thinking of brake booster.
Master cylinder size affects the amount of brake pedal travel required to have the calipers clamp. Size of the master cylinder should be matched with the front, the rear usually irrelevant.
I would only upgrade if you have anything smaller than a 7/8 size master cylinder. Sizes 15/16” to 1” are usually ideal.
15/16” – Pedal feels like an average cars brakes
1” – Pedal feels like a recent BMW or Mercedes style brakes. Touch the pedal, and slow down (effortless).